Hotspot Shield Logging ~upd~ 〈Safe — 2027〉

| VPN | Audit | Jurisdiction | Known logging | |-----|-------|--------------|----------------| | Mullvad | Yes (yearly) | Sweden | None (court-proven) | | ExpressVPN | Yes (multiple) | BVI | None | | Proton VPN | Yes | Switzerland | None | | IVPN | Yes | Gibraltar | None |