: Immediate domain admin access via Kerberos authentication. ESC2 – Certificate Template Allows Any EKU Condition : Template defines Any Purpose EKU (2.5.29.37.0) and allows low-priv enrollment.
# Request a certificate for a domain admin (using Certify) Certify.exe request /ca:dc.contoso.local\CONTOSO-CA /template:UserSAN /altname:Administrator certipy auth -pfx administrator.pfx -domain contoso.local
Certify.exe request /ca:DC.CONTOSO.LOCAL\CONTOSO-CA /template:User /altname:Administrator Condition : ADCS web enrollment interfaces ( /certsrv/ , /CertSrv/ , /certsrv/mscep/ ) are enabled and not configured with extended protection or HTTPS. hacktricks adcs
: Obtain a certificate for the relayed account (e.g., a computer account, domain admin). ESC9 – No Security Extension in Template Condition : Certificate template has CT_FLAG_NO_SECURITY_EXTENSION , which bypasses permissions on the CT_FLAG_ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT .
: Similar to ESC1, request a certificate for any user. ESC10 – Weak Authentication on CA Condition : CA’s authentication strength is set to low (e.g., Windows Integrated Auth without any additional protection). : Immediate domain admin access via Kerberos authentication
: Relaying NTLM to CA endpoints (see ESC8). ESC11 – If the CA allows HTTP (instead of mandatory HTTPS) Same as ESC8. ESC12 – CA Holder Compromise (via AD CS Web Enrollment, no hardening) Allows remote attackers to capture NTLM hashes or relay authentication. ESC13 – Dangerous Certificate Template with Extra EKU that Enables Domain Controller Authentication Some templates include EKUs like “Domain Controller Authentication” (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.2) combined with low enrollment rights.
Introduction Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) is Microsoft’s PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) implementation. When integrated with Active Directory, ADCS enables certificate-based authentication, smart card logons, and encryption. However, misconfigurations in ADCS are notoriously common and can lead to domain compromise, privilege escalation, and persistence. : Obtain a certificate for the relayed account (e
# Using PowerMad (Set-PKITemplate -Identity VulnTemplate -EnrolleeSuppliesSubject $true -AddEKUs @("Client Authentication")) Condition : CA is configured with EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 flag. (Allows any requester to specify SAN.)